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E133 Beyond exercise: creatine’s growing role in brain, bone and women’s health

Creatine is one of the most well-researched and effective sports nutrition supplements for improving exercise performance. But that isn’t what I’m going to talk about in this podcast episode. Instead, I want to give the spotlight to creatine’s new moment in the sun thanks to evolving research linking it to improving brain and bone health. And then tying all this together, I’ll profile why it may just be one supplement that women could especially benefit from over men during their reproductive lifespan and beyond.

Links referred to in the podcast
Systematic review of creatine supplementation and cognitive function 2018
Systematic review of creatine supplementation and cognitive function 2022
Systematic review of creatine supplementation and cognitive function 2024
Clinical trial of creatine supplementation and CBT in the treatment of depression
Review of creatine supplementation and its applications for brain health
Dr Darren Candow on Instagram
Clinical trial of creatine supplementation on bone health in post-menopausal women
Creatine supplementation in women’s health: A lifespan perspective

E132 Plant-based protein: can it match animal protein for athletic performance?

Adopting a plant-based diet is a trend that continues to grow in popularity. However, for people focused on muscle growth and strength due to their athletic pursuits, there may be concerns about whether their muscle development and sports performance are being compromised by eating predominantly protein from plant foods. In this podcast episode, I explore the fundamental differences between animal and plant-based proteins, discuss the primary supplements available for each type, and review recent research on the effect of these different protein sources on muscle growth, strength and physical performance.

Links referred to in the podcast
Systematic review of animal vs plant protein on muscle mass, strength and physical performance

E131 From gut to glucose: the potential of probiotics in diabetes care

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by high blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. It’s a growing global health concern. While diet, exercise and medication form the cornerstone of diabetes management, researchers are continually exploring new avenues to improve blood sugar control. One such area gaining traction is the use of probiotics that can alter gut and metabolic health. But can these tiny microorganisms make a meaningful difference for people with type 2 diabetes? That’s what I explore in this episode.

Links referred to in the podcast
Review of the effects of probiotics on glucose control in T2DM

E130 From FODMAPs to fibre: navigating dietary treatments for IBS

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal issue marked by abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea and constipation. This chronic condition can lead to anxiety, depression and a reduced quality of life. With no definitive trigger or treatment, managing IBS can be challenging. However, diet changes can positively influence IBS. In this podcast episode, I’ll outline evidence for various approaches, from supplements like probiotics right through to low-FODMAP diets.

Links referred to in the podcast
Review of nutritional interventions in IBS

E129 Strength in ageing: the role of protein and resistance training

We’re all getting older and living longer lives than ever before. But as we age, we are faced with a higher risk of nutritional frailty. This is marked by unintentional weight loss, loss of muscle mass and strength which increases the likelihood of disability. In this podcast episode, I highlight how our nutrition needs change as we age and why a firm focus is needed in preserving muscle mass through a combination of resistance exercise and additional protein.

Links referred to in the podcast
Review of protein supplementation combined with resistance training in older adults

E128 Maximising muscle gains with creatine: how well does it work?

Creatine is one of the most well-researched and effective sports nutrition supplements for improving exercise performance. So it is no surprise that interest in using creatine supplements to enhance performance during intense activity has grown dramatically over the last few years. One of the most common ‘use cases’ for creatine supplements is for muscle and strength gains. This makes creatine a popular choice by strength and power sports athletes, bodybuilders and recreational exercisers to supplement their resistance training. In this podcast episode, I dig deeper into what creatine is, how it may work and importantly: what the latest scientific evidence has to say about how it performs in maximising muscle gains.

Links referred to in the podcast
IOC Consensus Statement on dietary supplements for use by high-performance athletes
Systematic review of creatine supplementation and body composition

E127 Is hydrogen water healthy or a hoax?

Heard about hydrogen water? It is regular water that has extra hydrogen infused in it and it’s one of the latest health trends with proponents claiming it will fight off disease, reduce inflammation, boost energy, improve mental health and enhance athletic performance. That’s quite a list of impressive claims. But what does the research have to say? That’s what I explore in this podcast to see if hydrogen water can live up to the hope or if it should be labelled the latest health hoax.

Links referred to in the podcast
Systematic review of molecular hydrogen and exercise performance
Hydrogen water and long-COVID
Systematic review of health claims of hydrogen water

E126 Maximising muscle: the role of protein type and timing

No one nutrient gets greater focus in the sports and performance world than protein – and for good reason. Protein builds and powers our muscles and with that comes strength and performance gains – something just about every athlete wants to have more of. Understanding how dietary protein improves muscle mass, strength and performance is crucial. Two topics that are hotly debated are the role of protein type and timing around a resistance training program. And they’re the topics I’m going to tackle in this podcast episode.

Links referred to in the podcast
Network meta-analysis on the effect of protein type and timing on muscle and physical performance
Systematic review on the effect of protein supplementation on resistance-training mass and strength gains 2017
Rethinking protein intake and timing needs

E125 Can probiotics help fight age-related muscle loss?

Some aspects of ageing may be inevitable, but when it happens together with an accelerated loss of weight, muscle mass and strength it makes an older person much more susceptible to disability, poor quality of life and earlier death. The condition is called sarcopenia and it is underpinned by chronic inflammation. Diet and lifestyle changes can go a long way in preventing and treating sarcopenia and inflammation. And now research is adding to this by looking at the role of probiotics as a way to influence the gut microbiome and with that, the muscle loss and inflammation seen in sarcopenia. That’s what I’ll be exploring in this podcast.

Links referred to in the podcast
Systematic review of probiotics in adults with markers of sarcopenia

E124 Arthritis relief: can collagen supplements help?

Interest in collagen supplements continues to grow – and for good reason. That’s because despite rubbish claims that are way off the mark that there is ‘no evidence they work’ and ‘all the research is funded by the collagen industry’, the reality is very different. In past podcasts I’ve delved into the topic of hydrolysed collagen supplements and skin health and where there are now dozens of blinded randomised controlled trials showing a benefit in increasing skin moisture and elasticity and reducing wrinkles – with many of the studies free from any conflict of interest and all supported by plausible mechanisms as to why collagen, and not other protein sources, can do this. But for this podcast episode, I want to focus on one of the other reasons that people may take collagen: and that’s to give relief from joint pain and stiffness. So for this episode, I’m going to focus on arthritis and outline what the clinical evidence says and what unique biological mechanisms could be at play to support a unique effect of collagen supplements.

Links referred to in the podcast
Podcast Episode 82 – Collagen supplements: an update on the evidence for health benefits
Podcast Episode 120 – Tendon troubles: can collagen supplements help with tendon repair?
Systematic review of hydrolysed collagen in skin ageing 2023
Systematic review of collagen supplementation in osteoarthritis 2019
Review of collagen supplementation for joint health 2023
Systematic review of undenatured collagen and osteoarthritis 2023

E123 Are probiotics effective in IBS?

Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints. With no single identified trigger or treatment, IBS can be a minefield for a person to try and get on top of. Dietary changes like a low-FODMAP diet, supplements and stress modification all have a role to play. Another emerging treatment for IBS are probiotics. Probiotics may improve IBS symptoms by changing the gut microbiota and their metabolite production which can change gut motility, inflammation and gut hypersensitivity. In this podcast, I’ll look at the evidence for the use of probiotic supplements in IBS.

Links referred to in the podcast
Systematic review of probiotics in IBS

E122 Maternal probiotics and their effect on infant health

The establishment and development of the microbiome in the early stages of life can play a pivotal role in affecting our health throughout life. The formation of our microbiome happens during the perinatal period where it is influenced by the interaction between the microbiomes of mothers and infants. The microbial composition of breast milk plays an important part in this process. The microbiome of breast milk is also influenced by the gut microbiome of the mother through what is termed the gut-breast axis. In this podcast, I explore these mother-infant microbiome links and discover what the scientific evidence has to say about the potential for maternal probiotic supplements having a positive influence on the health of mother and infant.

Links referred to in the podcast
Systematic review on the effect of maternal probiotics on breastmilk and infant microbiomes and health
Cochrane review on probiotics in reducing the risk of gestational diabetes

E121 Can the humble cranberry reduce the risk of UTIs?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common with women about 30 times more likely to develop one than men. The bacterial infection of a UTI can cause painful burning sensations when urinating, frequent and strong urges to urinate, and changes in the composition of the urine. Antibiotics are the most common first-line treatment for UTIs, but there is growing interest in the role that nutrition-related treatments can play in reducing the risk of developing a UTI in the first place. Enter the most common self-prescribed and best-researched treatment: the humble cranberry. In this podcast, I’ll look at the evidence for cranberries in all their forms for helping to reduce the risk of developing UTIs.

Links referred to in the podcast
Cochrane review of cranberries and the risk of developing UTIs

E120 Tendon troubles: can collagen supplements help with tendon repair?

Tendons play a vital part in helping us move. They are a collagen-infused super-strong bridge that connects muscles to bones allowing you to move your limbs. When overused, overloaded or damaged, these same tendons can cause us a lot of pain and movement impairment. Outside of the well-defined medical treatments and physiotherapy rehabilitation programs that assist with recovering from tendon injuries, there has been growing interest in the role of specialised tendon-targeted nutritional supplements in aiding repair and recovery. And for good reason, hydrolysed collagen is a key component of many of these supplements. In this podcast, I’ll look at where the evidence stands for nutritional supplements helping with tendon healing.

Links referred to in the podcast
Review of nutritional supplements in the management of tendinopathy
Review of collagen peptide supplementation on joint injury and recovery
Collagen supplements: the science behind the health benefits
Systematic review of the effect of collagen supplements on skin ageing

E119 Lemon water: is it worth the squeeze or just sour hype?

Do you want to lose weight, boost your metabolism, improve your digestion, detox your body, and have glowing skin all while keeping your body nicely alkalised and in balance? You can. All you need do is start each day with a glass of water with the juice of a freshly squeezed lemon in it. I mean water is good for you. And lemons, being a fruit, are good for you. So why not combine the two and get a quantum level of health-boosting synergy? Okay, so now for a dose of reality as I explore the whole lemon water trend and pull apart those amazing health claims to see what is hype and what is reality.

Links referred to in the podcast
Effect of lemon juice on the glycaemic response to bread
Effect of lemon juice on kidney stone recurrence

E118 The lectin lowdown: time to counter the fear campaign about these plant proteins

In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in the potential negative health effects of lectins. What are lectins? They’re a type of protein found in many plant foods such as legumes, wholegrains and some fruits and vegetables. If you take YouTube clips and popular diet books on their word, then these lectins are harmful to human health and are a major driver of inflammation, weight gain and many chronic diseases. Of course, to believe all this, you need to suspend the reality that humans have been eating these foods for thousands of years and it is only in modern times that we have been hit with all these major health problems. But hey, we need to blame it all on something I guess and lectins seem like a great way to sell books and get website clicks. In this podcast, I’ll explore the role of lectins in the diet, the alleged health risks, and counter that with the health benefits of eating lectin-containing foods.

E117 Exercise recovery: the role of protein in post-workout muscle soreness and damage

It is something that all regular and not-so-regular exercisers have experienced: muscle pain and soreness in the days following a particularly hard training session. It is the price paid for the benefits exercise, especially resistance training, can have on growing muscle mass and strength, stability, glucose tolerance and bone density. The list of ways that people deal with exercise-induced muscle soreness is long, but in this podcast, I’ll explore one aspect. And that’s how protein helps with the recovery process and how it can be doing you good even if the aches and pains don’t feel any less.

Links referred to in the podcast
Meta-analysis on the effect of protein supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage
Review of protein timing

E116 Olive oil: a true ‘essential oil’

Olive oil is a core staple in a Mediterranean-style diet. And it is for good reasons that it takes a central place as a ‘go to’ salad and cooking oil in kitchens around the world. In this age where too many foods are dubiously anointed with the title of ‘superfood’, extra virgin olive oil may just be one food deserving of this name in the oil category. In this podcast, I look at the unique properties of olive oil and delve into what the scientific evidence says about its health benefits.

Links referred to in the podcast
Olive oil consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality
The PREDIMED Study
Coconut oil consumption and cardiovascular disease risk

E115 Enough of the ‘seed oils are toxic’ rubbish

If you’re active on social media in the health and nutrition space, it’s very likely you’ve seen health advice over the last few years warning you about the evils of seed oils. These seed oils are toxic don’t you know? And they’re blamed for a whole host of health ills such as inflammation, lowered immunity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and more. But the reality about seed oils is far less scary and there are few health concerns you need worry about. And likely quite a few health benefits to be gained by having them. In this podcast, I’ll look at what seed oils are, explain where all those health warnings have come from and put this all into context for what it means for your health and the foods you choose to eat.

Links referred to in the podcast
Blood levels of omega-6 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease
Cochrane review of omega-6 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease
Dietary fats and inflammatory markers in IBD

E114 Nightshade vegetables: friend or foe for your health?

Nightshades are a group of plants that belong to the Solanaceae family. They include some very commonly eaten foods such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and potatoes. These foods have been eaten for centuries by many cultures around the world and are considered a staple food in many traditional diets. Despite this, if you go digging into ‘health and wellness’ advice on the Internet, you’ll sometimes come across health warnings about nightshades. Digestive issues and inflammation feature prominently. In this podcast, I explore the evidence for any health harms arising from eating nightshades and put this into context for the many health benefits that they also provide.

E113 Can probiotics or prebiotics prevent or treat respiratory tract infections?

From the common cold right through to the flu, it is something most people are faced with many times over in their life. And all of us could do with less coughing, sore throat, runny nose, body aches and fatigue in our lives. Our gut microbiota plays an important part in our immune system, so scientists for some years have looked at how changing our gut microbiota could influence respiratory tract infections. In this podcast, I look at the current state of play for the role of supplemental probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in tackling acute respiratory tract infections.

Links referred to in the podcast
Systematic review of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for respiratory tract infections

E112 Foods and fertility: how dietary patterns can influence fertility

What we eat is increasingly recognised as an important element in influencing fertility. With almost one in six couples experiencing fertility problems, knowing more about lifestyle factors such as diet that can alter this has major consequences. Most research in this area has focused on specific nutrients or food groups. But we don’t eat foods or nutrients – we eat whole diets which are described as dietary patterns. In this podcast episode, I profile new research into the area of dietary patterns and fertility to see what clues it can give to an optimal ‘fertility diet’.

Links referred to in the podcast
Dietary patterns and fertility in two large cohorts

Episode 111 This is your brain on food porn (and how it can promote healthier eating)

Food porn is all about posting and engaging with photos of desirable and stylised food on social media. And those digital images can do real things to our brains. Researchers are now digging below the surface level of social media trends and are exploring how the sharing of food porn images can influence the food choices we make. In this podcast, I look at how that influence can help nudge us in the direction of better food choices.

Links referred to in the podcast
Can food porn prime healthy eating?
Association between indulgent descriptions and vegetable consumption: twisted carrots and dynamite beets

E110 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): what role does diet play?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term that describes chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two most common forms of IBD. In recent years, research into the role of diet in the cause and treatment of IBD has been gaining traction. In this podcast episode, I look at some of that evolving research into potential dietary triggers linked to causing IBD as well as possible treatments for managing IBD with diet.

Links referred to in the podcast
Review of diet for IBD
Faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of IBD

E109 Keto for athletes: its effect on performance and body composition

For decades, carbohydrates have been at the centre of sports nutrition guidelines to help maximise physical performance and maintain muscle glycogen levels. But interest in an alternative approach, that being very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets, has been growing for some time. With the dual aim of reducing body fat and enhancing the use of fat as a primary fuel source during exercise, there are plenty of glowing social media testimonials attesting to the benefits of this way of eating for athletes. But the research evidence for some years has been painting a very different, and often, opposing picture. And that’s what I explore in this podcast episode when I look at the findings of a recent systematic review on the topic of how the keto diet performs on exercise performance and body composition in athletes and trained individuals.

Links referred to in the podcast
Effect of a ketogenic diet on performance and body composition in athletes and trained individuals

E108 Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): can nutrition supplements slow its progression?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50. AMD is a progressive disease seen as damage to the retina, which can lead to permanent central vision loss and even blindness. Good nutrition is important for eye health. And for many years, a range of nutrients have been specifically promoted as having a role in helping to protect the eye from AMD progression. Much of the evidence to support the role of nutrition in AMD has come from observational research. But there have been some long-term clinical trials using specific nutritional supplements that give a clue to what may work. In this podcast episode, I profile the results from a follow-up study to one of the biggest intervention studies in this area.

Links referred to in the podcast
Nutrition supplements and AMD in the AREDS2 trial

E107 Can probiotics help treat eczema in adults?

Eczema is a general term for rash-like skin conditions with atopic dermatitis being the most common form. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterised by itching and recurrent eczema patches. Up to 20 percent of children can be affected by atopic dermatitis, but even in adults, it is far from uncommon with prevalence rates of between 1 and 3 percent. One growing area of study in the cause and treatment of atopic dermatitis is the role of the gut and skin microbiome through its effects on our immune system. One area of interest is the role of probiotics in treating eczema. And while much of the research here has been on infants and children, there has been a growing evidence base for adults as well. And that’s what I’ll be exploring in my latest Thinking Nutrition podcast.

Links referred to in the podcast
Systematic review of probiotics in adults with atopic dermatitis

E106 Intermittent fasting: an update on the weight and metabolic health benefits

It was my second ever podcast episode released way back in February of 2020, but it has proven to be the most popular. It was titled The User’s Guide to Intermittent Fasting. Now, it is time to revisit the topic of intermittent fasting with an update on the clinical evidence for how fasting stacks up for its effects on body weight and metabolic health compared to other ways of eating. And that’s what I’ll be exploring in this episode by profiling the results of a recent review on this topic.

Links referred to in the podcast
Review of intermittent fasting vs calorie restricted and unrestricted diets

E105 ‘Eat the rainbow’ really is good health advice

Advice to ‘eat the rainbow’ has been circulating in the nutrition sphere for some time. And no, it is not a call to action to get more Skittles in your life. Instead, it is all about choosing a variety of fruits and vegetables primarily based on their colour. Red, blue, orange, purple, yellow and green are the important colours here. And those colours occur because of the presence of a family of different polyphenol and other phytonutrients pigments naturally found in foods. It is those coloured pigments that could explain many of the health benefits from eating these foods on your longevity, body weight, blood lipids and risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. In this podcast episode, I’ll explore the science behind ‘eating the rainbow’.

Links referred to in the podcast
Review of colourful pigments in fruits and vegetables and health

E104 Turning up the heat on chillies and their health benefits

If variety is the spice of life, then for some, a hot chilli dish is the ultimate way to add spice to life. But outside of the Mexican fiesta party happening inside your mouth and the waterworks from your sweat glands, could there be some benefits for your health? It’s time to turn up the heat on chillies as I look at the science and health benefits linked to eating them.

Links referred to in the podcast
Effects of capsaicinoid supplementation on metabolic syndrome
Effect of capsaicinoids on sports performance

E103 Will BCAAs give you the muscle gainz?

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are a popular sports supplement with bodybuilders and athletes. But you don’t need to look for them in a bottle as our diet naturally contains them as part of the amino acid building blocks of protein. With claims of increased muscle protein synthesis, decreased muscle protein breakdown, enhanced endurance and less muscle soreness, they seem to be an essential supplement that no athlete can do without. In this episode, I’ll look at those claims and explore the evidence. TL;DR – save your money on BCAA supplements and just eat a variety of high-protein foods which is what athletes pretty much do already.

Links referred to in the podcast
AIS fact sheet on BCAAs

E102 How the Mediterranean diet benefits mental health

Counselling and medication gain most of the treatment attention for depression, but the promise of dietary changes to help to improve the outlook of people with depression and other common conditions such as anxiety is gaining traction. Welcome to the rapidly moving world of nutritional psychiatry which is uncovering key links between diet and mental health. And one such dietary pattern, the Mediterranean diet, is now building a research base behind it to support a change to the dietary themes this diet promotes to help improve mental health. And that’s what I’ll be exploring more about in my latest podcast episode.

Links referred to in the podcast
SMILES trial
Effect of a Mediterranean diet with fish oil on depression
Effect of a Mediterranean diet on depression in young men

E101 How beetroot juice lowers blood pressure and improves sports performance

Nitrates are inorganic compounds found in many vegetables such as spinach, celery, radishes, and lettuce, but beetroot is one of the highest sources. Nitrate contributes to the production of nitric oxide, which has an important role to play in immune function as well as regulating the tone of blood vessels which impacts blood pressure. In this podcast, I look at the evidence for using nitrate-rich beetroot juice to treat high blood pressure as well as its role as a supplement to improve athletic performance.

Links referred to in the podcast
Nitrates from beetroot juice and effect on hypertension
IOC consensus statement on dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete